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控制塑料收缩率 你必须知道的四大因素
一、简介
热塑性塑料的特性是在加热后膨胀，冷却后收缩。当然加压后体积也将缩小。在注塑成型过程中首先将熔融塑料注射入模具型腔内，充填结束后熔料冷却固化，从模具中取出塑件时即出现收缩，此收缩称为成型收缩。塑件从模具取出到稳定这段时间内，尺寸仍会出现微小的变化，一种变化是继续收缩，另一种变化是某些吸湿性塑料因吸湿而出现膨胀，但是其中起主要作用的是成型收缩。
二、塑件结构及性质的影响
对于成型件壁厚来说，一般由于厚壁的冷却时间较长，因而收缩率也较大.对于一般塑件来说，当沿熔料方向尺寸与垂直于熔料流动方向尺寸的差异较大时，则收缩率差异也较大.从熔料流动距离来看，远离浇口部分的压力损失大，因而该处的收缩率也比靠近浇口部位大。因加强筋、孔、凸台和雕刻等形状具有收缩抗力，因而这些部位的收缩率较小。
1）塑料结构对制品收缩率的影响
(1)厚壁塑件比薄壁塑件收缩率大(但大多数塑料1mm薄壁制件反而比2mm收缩率大，这是由于熔体在模腔内阻力增大的缘故);
(2)塑件上带嵌件比不带嵌件的收缩率小;
(3)塑件形状复杂的比形状简单的收缩率要小;
(4)塑件高度方向一般比水平方向的收缩率小;
(5)细长塑件在长度方向上的收缩率小;
(6)塑件长度方向的尺寸比厚度方向尺寸的收缩率小;
(7)内孔收缩率大，外形收缩率小。
2）塑料性质对制品收缩率的影响
(1)结晶型塑料收缩率大于无定形塑料;
(2)流动性好的塑料，成型收缩率小;
(3)塑料中加入填充料，成型收缩率明显下降;
(4)不同批量的相同塑料，成型收缩率也不相同。
三、模具结构的影响
浇口形式对收缩率也有影响。用小浇口时，因保压结束之前浇口即固化而使塑件的收缩率增大。注塑模具中的冷却回路结构也是模具设计中的一个关键。冷却回路设计不当，则因塑件各处温度不均衡而产生收缩差，其结果是使塑件尺寸差或变形。在薄壁部分，模具温度分布对收缩率的影响则更为明显。有以下四点：
(1)浇口尺寸大，收缩率减小;
(2)垂直的浇口方向收缩率减小，平行的浇口方向收缩率增大;
(3)远离浇口比近浇口的收缩率小;
(4)有模具限制的塑件部分的收缩率小，无限制的塑件部分的收缩率大。
四、成型工艺对塑料制品收缩率的影响
（1）料筒温度：料筒温度较高时，压力传递较好而使收缩力减小。但用小浇口时，因浇口固化早而使收缩率仍较大。对于壁厚塑件来说，即使筒温度较高，其收缩率仍较大。
（2）补料：在成型条件中，尽量减少补料以使塑件尺寸保持稳定。但补料不足则无法保持压力，也会使收缩率增大。
（3）注射压力：注射压力是对收缩率影响较大的因素，特别是充填结束后的保压压力。在一般情况下，压力较大时候因材料的密度大，收缩率就较小。
（4）注射速度：注射速度对收缩率的影响较小。但对于薄壁塑件或浇口非常小，以及使用强化材料时，注射速度加快则收缩率小。
模具温度：通常模具温度较高时收缩率也较大。但对于薄壁塑件，模具温度高则熔料的流动抗阻小，进而收缩率反而较小。
（5）成型周期：成型周期与收缩率无直接关系。但需注意，当加快成型周期时，模具温度、熔料温度等必然也发生变化，从而影响收缩率的变化。
（6）模具温度：模具温度越高，收缩率越大
五、常用塑料收缩率
以下是常用的塑胶收缩率
PA6系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
15%玻纤增强PA60.5-0.8PA6G15
20%玻纤增强PA60.4-0.6PA6G20
30%玻纤增强PA60.3-0.5PA6G30
40%玻纤增强PA60.1-0.3PA6G40
50%玻纤增强PA60.1-0.3PA6G50
25%玻纤增强阻燃PA60.2-0.4Z-PA6G25
30%玻纤增强阻燃PA60.2-0.4Z-PA6G30
30%玻纤增强无卤阻燃PA60.2-0.4Z-PA6G30
无卤阻燃PA60.8-1.2Z-PA6
30%矿物填充无卤阻燃PA60.5-0.8Z-PA6M30
30%玻璃微珠填充PA60.8-1.2PA6M30
30%玻纤矿物复合填充PA60.3-0.5PA6M30
40%玻纤矿物复合填充PA60.2-0.5PA6M40
30%矿物填充PA60.6-0.9PA6M30
40%矿物填充PA60.4-0.7PA6M40
PA6一般注塑级1.4-1.8PA6
PA6快速成型1.2-1.6PA6
PA6一般增韧1.0-1.5PA6
PA6中等增韧0.9-1.3PA6
PA6超增韧0.9-1.3PA6
MoS2填充耐磨PA61.0-1.4PA6
PA66系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
15%玻纤增强PA660.6-0.9PA66G15
20%玻纤增强PA660.5-0.8PA66G20
25%玻纤增强耐热油PA660.4-0.7PA66G25
30%玻纤增强PA660.4-0.7PA66G30
30%玻纤增强耐水解PA660.3-0.6PA66G30
40%玻纤增强PA660.2-0.5PA66G40
50%玻纤增强PA660.1-0.3PA66G50
25%玻纤增强阻燃PA660.2-0.4Z-PA66G25
30%玻纤增强阻燃PA660.2-0.4Z-PA66G30
30%矿物填充无卤阻燃PA660.2-0.4PA66M30
无卤阻燃PA660.8-1.2Z-PA66
30%矿物填充无卤阻燃PA660.4-0.7Z-PA66M30
30%玻璃微珠填充PA660.8-1.2PA66M30
30%玻纤矿物复合填充PA660.2-0.5PA66M30
30%矿物填充PA660.6-0.9PA66M30
40%矿物填充PA660.4-0.7PA66M40
一般注塑级PA661.5-1.8PA66
快速成型PA661.5-1.8PA66
一般增韧PA661.2-1.7PA66
中等增韧PA661.2-1.6PA66
超增韧PA661.2-1.6PA66
MoS2填充耐磨PA661.2-1.6PA66
PA/ABS系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
10%玻纤增强PA/ABS0.3-0.6PA/ABSG10
20%玻纤增强PA/ABS0.2-0.5PA/ABSG20
30%玻纤增强PA/ABS0.1-0.3PA/ABSG30
20%玻纤增强阻燃PA/ABS0.2-0.5Z-PA/ABSG20
耐冲击PA/ABS0.5-0.8PA/ABS
高冲击PA/ABS0.8-1.0PA/ABS
PP系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
20%滑石粉填充PP1.0-1.5PPM20
30%滑石粉填充PP0.8-1.2PPM30
40%滑石粉填充PP0.8-1.0PPM40
20%滑石粉填充增韧PP1.0-1.2PPM20
20%碳酸钙填充PP1.2-1.6PPM20
10%玻纤增强PP0.7-1.0PPG10
20%玻纤增强PP0.5-0.8PPG20
30%玻纤增强PP0.4-0.7PPG30
40%玻纤增强PP0.3-0.5PPG40
20%玻璃微珠填充PP1.2-1.6PPM20
30%玻璃微珠填充PP1.0-1.2PPM20
15%玻纤增强阻燃PP0.5-0.7Z-PPG15
20%玻纤增强阻燃PP0.3-0.5Z-PPG20
30%玻纤增强阻燃PP0.2-0.4Z-PPG30
溴系阻燃级PP1.5-1.8PP
无卤阻燃级PP1.3-1.6PP
高流动高钢性PP1.5-2.0PP
一般增韧PP1.5-2.0PP
中等增韧PP1.4-1.9PP
超增韧PP1.3-1.8PP
耐热老化PP11.5-2.0PP1
耐热老化PP21.5-2.0PP2
耐热老化PP31.5-2.0PP3
抗冲击耐侯PP41.5-2.0PP4
高抗冲耐侯PP51.5-1.8PP5
20%滑石粉填充PP61.0-1.2PP6
30%滑石粉填充PP70.9-1.1PP7
40%滑石粉填充PP80.8-1.0PP8
20%玻纤增强PP90.5-0.8PP9
30%玻纤增强高耐热PP0.4-0.7PP10
PC系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
10%玻纤增强PC0.3-0.5PCG10
20%玻纤增强PC0.3-0.5PCG20
25%玻纤增强PC0.2-0.4PCG25
30%玻纤增强PC0.2-0.4PCG30
20%玻纤增强阻燃PC0.2-0.4Z-PCG20
25%玻纤增强阻燃PC0.2-0.4Z-PCG25
30%玻纤增强阻燃PC0.2-0.4Z-PCG30
20%玻纤增强无卤阻燃PC0.2-0.4Z-PCG20
30%玻纤增强无卤阻燃PC0.1-0.3Z-PCG30
20%玻璃微珠填充PC0.3-0.6PCM20
PC/ABS系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
20%玻纤增强PC/ABS0.2-0.4PC/ABSG20
溴系阻燃PC/ABS0.3-0.6Z-PC/ABS
无卤阻燃PC/ABS0.4-0.7Z-PC/ABS
耐侯级PC/ABS0.4-0.7PC/ABS
35%PC0.4-0.6PC/ABS
65%PC0.4-0.7PC/ABS
85%PC0.4-0.7PC/ABS
PC/PBT系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
10%玻纤增强PC/PBT0.5-0.8PC/PBTG10
20%玻纤增强PC/PBT0.4-0.6PC/PBTG20
30%玻纤增强PC/PBT0.3-0.5PC/PBTG30
30%玻纤增强阻燃高耐热PC/PBT0.3-0.5Z-PC/PBTG30
高冲击高耐热PC/PBT0.6-1.0PC/PBT
PBT/ABS系列成型收缩率
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
20%玻纤增强PBT/ABS0.3-0.5PBT/ABSG20
30%玻纤增强PBT/ABS0.2-0.4PBT/ABSG30
20%玻纤增强阻燃PBT/ABS0.2-0.4Z-PBT/ABSG20
30%玻纤增强阻燃PBT/ABS0.2-0.4Z-PBT/ABSG30
通用注塑级PBT/ABS0.8-1.2PBT/ABS
通用阻燃级PBT/ABS0.7-1.1PBT/ABS
ABS系列成型收缩率影响塑料制品收缩率的因素
名称及描述成型收缩率%备注
20%玻纤增强ABS0.2-0.4ABSG20
25%玻纤增强ABS0.2-0.4ABSG25
30%玻纤增强ABS0.1-0.3ABSG30
20%玻纤增强阻燃ABS0.1-0.3Z-ABSG20
一般阻燃级ABS0.4-0.7Z-ABS
一般注塑级ABS0.4-0.7ABS
耐侯级ABS0.4-0.7ABS
部分型号部分物性表
| Physical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Specific Gravity | 0.960 g/cc | 0.960 g/cc | ASTM D792 and ISO 1183 |
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
| Hardness, Shore A |
60 @Time 15.0 sec |
60 @Time 0.00417 hour |
2 mm; ISO 868 |
| Tensile Strength at Break | 5.10 MPa | 740 psi | Across Flow; ASTM D412 and ISO 37 |
| Tensile Stress |
1.90 MPa @Strain 100 % |
276 psi @Strain 100 % |
Across Flow; ASTM D412 and ISO 37 |
| Elongation at Break | 450 % | 450 % | Across Flow; ASTM D412 and ISO 37 |
| Compression Set |
16 % @Temperature 23.0 °C, Time 79200 sec |
16 % @Temperature 73.4 °F, Time 22.0 hour |
ASTM D395B Type 1 and ISO 188 Type A |
|
35 % @Temperature 70.0 °C, Time 79200 sec |
35 % @Temperature 158 °F, Time 22.0 hour |
ASTM D395B Type 1 and ISO 188 Type A | |
|
42 % @Temperature 100 °C, Time 79200 sec |
42 % @Temperature 212 °F, Time 22.0 hour |
ASTM D395B Type 1 and ISO 188 Type A | |
|
47 % @Temperature 100 °C, Time 1.08e+6 sec |
47 % @Temperature 212 °F, Time 300 hour |
ASTM D395B Type 1 and ISO 188 Type A | |
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP43QW02/ Leander Basil)
Uses: other
Important beters: melt flow rate: 35 g/10min notched impact strength: 53 tensile strength: 25 MPa, elongation at break: 11% bending modulus: 1150 MPa, hardness: 80, hot debation temperature: 80 DEG C
Manufacturer: Basel industries, Inc.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP44RZ02/ Leander Basil)
Uses: other
Important beters: melt flow rate: 105 g/10min notched impact strength: 64 tensile strength: 26 MPa, elongation at break: 4% bending modulus: 1240 MPa, hardness: 96, hot debation temperature: 106 DEG C
Manufacturer: Basel industries, Inc.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP6928 D80/ Spartech America)
Uses: other
Important beters: melt flow rate: 10 g/10min density: 1.12 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% notched impact strength: 64.1 tensile strength: 27.6 MPa, elongation at break: 3% bending modulus: 1720 MPa, hot debation temperature: 93.9 DEG C
Manufacturer: American Spartech company
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP6928 D81/ Spartech America)
Uses: other
Important beters: melt flow rate: 10 g/10min density: 1.12 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% notched impact strength: 64.1 tensile strength: 27.6 MPa, elongation at break: 3% bending modulus: 1720 MPa, hot debation temperature: 93.9 DEG C
Manufacturer: American Spartech company
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /LFT PP-50LGF/001 Natural/ 2007.pdf)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: thermal stability
Important beters: density: 1.3 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 25 bending strength: 180 MPa bending modulus: 9000 MPa, hot debation temperature: 152 DEG C
Manufacturer: United States PolyOne Corporation
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /LFT PP-40LGF/001 Natural/ 2007.pdf)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: thermal stability
Important beters: density: 1.2 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 30 bending strength: 180 MPa bending modulus: 7000 MPa, hot debation temperature: 157 DEG C
Manufacturer: United States PolyOne Corporation
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /LFT PP-30LGF/001 Natural/ 2007.pdf)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: thermal stability
Important beters: density: 1.1 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 20 bending strength: 160 MPa bending modulus: 5500 MPa, hot debation temperature: 155 DEG C
Manufacturer: United States PolyOne Corporation
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft) /PP7/ Changzhou xingyidi
Uses: other
Characteristic note: heat resistant oxygen aging, light aging property, air filter housing
Important beters: density: 1.12 g/cm3 tensile strength: 25 MPa bending strength: 40 MPa, hot debation temperature: 120 DEG C
Changzhou Star Technology Co., Ltd.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft) /PP6/ Changzhou xingyidi
Uses: other
Characteristic note: heat resistant oxygen aging, light aging perbance, air conditioning system
Important beters: density: 1.04 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 310 tensile strength: 35 MPa bending strength: 44 MPa hot debation temperature: 122 DEG C
Changzhou Star Technology Co., Ltd.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft) /PP5/ Changzhou xingyidi
Uses: other
Characteristic note: heat resistant oxygen aging, light aging property, sundries box assembly
Important beters: density: 0.91 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 3 tensile strength: 23 MPa bending strength: 25 MPa hot debation temperature: 95 DEG C
Changzhou Star Technology Co., Ltd.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft) /PP-60/TC/40/OP WT2595/ Huntsman of the U.S.
Uses: other
Remarks: talc filler 40%. Properties: homopolymer.
Important beter:
Manufacturer: Huntsman Corp
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP-3454/ Ravago America)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: calcium carbonate filler, 40% filler, according to weight, homopolymer workability, good
Important beters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min density: 1.25 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 37 bending modulus: 2650 MPa, hot debation temperature: 107 DEG C
Manufacturer: Ravago USA
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP-3582/ Ravago America)
Uses: other
Remarks: talc packing, 20% packing, medium weight, impact resistance, flame retardant
Important beters: melt flow rate: 17 g/10min density: 1.33 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 27 tensile strength: 24.1 MPa bending modulus: 2070 MPa, hot debation temperature: 116 DEG C
Manufacturer: Ravago USA
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP-4290/ Ravago America)
Uses: other
Characteristic remark: the processability of the copolymer is good and its flame retardancy is good
Important beters: melt flow rate: 17 g/10min density: 1.01 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 80 tensile strength: 23.1 MPa, elongation at break: 10% bending modulus: 1100 MPa, hot debation temperature: 104 DEG C
Manufacturer: Ravago USA
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP-4292/ Ravago America)
Uses: other
Characteristic remark: the processability of the copolymer is good and its flame retardancy is good
Important beters: melt flow rate: 16 g/10min density: 0.946 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 100 tensile strength: 24.1 MPa, elongation at break: 10% bending modulus: 1100 MPa, hot debation temperature: 139 DEG C
Manufacturer: Ravago USA
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP-6462/ Ravago America)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: calcium carbonate filler, 20% filler, according to weight, homopolymer workability, good
Important beters: melt flow rate: 20 g/10min density: 1.07 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 37 bending modulus: 1870 MPa
Manufacturer: Ravago USA
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /PP-GF50-03-Black/ America Serra NICE)
Uses: other
Important beters: density: 1.33 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 25 tensile strength: 115 MPa, elongation at break: 1.8% bending strength: 200 MPa bending modulus: 10500 MPa
production
Manufacturer: Celanese Co
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft) /EPDM+PP/ Shanghai China Co
Uses: other
Characteristic note: EPDM rubber modified, super tough, low temperature resistance
Important beters: density: 0.9 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 1.5% notched impact strength: 250 tensile strength: 20 MPa, elongation at break: 100% bending strength: 25 MPa bending modulus: 1000 MPa, hot debation temperature: 80 DEG C
Manufacturer: Shanghai Hua Hua composite material Co., Ltd.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft /SR501 MF6/ SAIRI Technology)
Uses: other
Characteristic note: PP-T30
Important beters: melt flow rate: 4 g/10min notched impact strength: 9 tensile strength: 26 MPa, elongation at break: 30% bending strength: 41 MPa bending modulus: 2352 MPa, hot debation temperature: 120 DEG C
Manufacturer: Yuyao race science and technology plastic material Co., Ltd.
PP (polypropylene # folding glue | soft) /6535N/ Formosa U.S.
Uses: other
Characteristic note: PP copolymer of medium impact strength, used in injection molding products, especially as an automotive interior decoration material, is a good interior decoration material after GM - PP-033 and DCX MSB-500.
Important beters: melt flow rate: 35 g/10min density: 0.9 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 0.5 tensile strength: 39 MPa, elongation at break: 5.5% bending modulus: 1999 MPa, hardness: 115, hot debation temperature: 125 DEG C
Manufacturer: Formosa U.S. company
