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PVC塑料注塑成型工艺过程分析
pvc也叫做硬PVC，它主要是氯乙烯单体经过聚合反应之后而做成的一种无定形热塑性树脂，在通过添加一定的添加剂，例如稳定剂、润滑剂、填充剂等组合而成的一种产品。
除了用添加剂之外，还采用了与其它树脂进行共混改性的相关办法，使它更加具有明显的实用价值。这些树脂有CPVC、PE、abs、EVA、MBS等。
UPVC的熔体粘度较高，流动性较差，即使提高注射压力以及熔体温度，流动性的变化也较小大。此外，树脂的成型温度与热分解温度非常接近，可以进行成型的温度范围较窄，它是一种比较难于成型的材料。
1、塑料的处理
处于室温24小时之后，吸水量如果是少于0.02%的话，就会形成无须烘干的情况。如过必须要进行干燥处理，可以放到60-70℃的热气炉3小时，或着80℃的干燥机大概1-1.5小时。
回收料最多可以用20%与新料进行混合，回收料的用量要看制品的最终用途而确定。滥用回收料可能会导致注塑工作失败，不单是回收了的成分过多，更多的原因是因为物料经过多次再加工处理。回收料每多回收一次质量会出现逐渐下降的状况。
2、注塑机选用
UPVC因为熔体粘度较较大、所以分解较为容易，分解产物对于铁有着较大的腐蚀作用，其注塑成型必须要用专用的塑化部件和温控系统。
华美达在产品覆盖的每一种锁模力型号，都有专门的UPVC塑化注射系统，并配合UPVC管件产品抽芯的要求备有专用的安全门装置。一般情况下只要注射量可以满足重量要求，选用这一系列UPVC专用注塑装置可以成型出高质量的产品。
3、模具及浇口设计
模具温度可以设置为40℃。而且流道整个长度一定要短，直径则要比较大，用来逐渐减小压力损失以及保压能传递到模腔。浇口越短越好，模切面一定要圆形，射嘴口的直径最小是6mm，成圆锥形，内角成5。
主流道的模切面也要圆形，与冷料井组合而成，通过切面半径连接主流道和浇口，直径可为7mm。
浇口应用切圆面形的半径连接塑件，越短越好，模切面要顺滑。
冷料井可防止半凝固的物料进入模腔，它的重要性常被忽略。
浇口的位置要正确，使物料在流道上顺利流动，不会停留在尖角、碎片和金属的痕迹里，以免出现压缩或减压的情况，应保持流道顺滑流畅。
模具应用不锈钢铸造，铬的含量至少13%，最好16%，洛氏硬度至少有55，硬钢模具可经镀铬处理，形成保护作用。
生产完后，应用温和的碱液小心将模面清洗干净后再喷上油质喷雾或硅质喷雾。
4、熔胶温度
可用空射法度量，由185-205℃不等。从射出的物料光滑程度可得知UPVC的准确熔胶温度。如物料在射出后粗糙不平，就证明物料并非均一(塑化不足)，表示所定的温度太低;如射出后起泡沫并冒出大量烟雾，就表示温度过高。
5、注射速度
射速要慢，否则过分剪切会使物料降质，利用UPVC生产极度光滑的厚壁制品时，应采用多级注塑模具填充速度。
6、螺杆转速
应该进一步配合模塑周期而确定螺杆转速。螺杆面速度不要超过0.15-0.2m/s
7、背压
背压可以达到150bar，当然数据是越低越好，常见的数值是5bar。
8、滞留时间
在200℃的温度之下，机筒滞留时间大多不能超过5分钟。当温度是210℃，机筒滞留时间就不可以超过3分钟。
以上就是UPVC塑料原料的注射成型工艺分析汇总，提醒大家的是在注射速度以及背压方面需要的别注意。
部分型号部分物性表
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /7350M/ Taiwan plastic
Use: foaming
Characteristic notes: characteristics: good chemical resistance, good elasticity, high flexibility.
Important beters: melt flow rate: 2.5 g/10min density: 0.938 g/cm3, tensile strength: 4 MPa, elongation at break: 78% bending modulus: 14 MPa hardness: 38 VEKA softening point: 60 C, embrittlement temperature: -70 C, filler content: 18%.
Manufacturer: Limited by Share Ltd of Taiwan plastic industry
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /1828/ Korea China
Use: wire and cable material
Characteristic notes: good elastic and mechanical properties. Additive: antioxidant
Important beters: melt flow rate: 4 g/10min density: 0.95 g/cm3, tensile strength: 18 MPa, elongation at break: 800% hardness: 26 VEKA softening point: 44 C embrittlement temperature: -76 C.
Manufacturer: Korea Hwa comprehensive chemical company
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /1020 VN 5/ France Total
Use: Film
Characteristic notes: high transparency and good mechanical properties
Important beters: melt flow rate: 2 g/10min density: 0.94 g/cm3 tensile strength: 28 MPa breaking elongation: 620% VEKA softening point: 64 C
Manufacturer: Total Petrochemical Industries Co
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /250/ DuPont dow
Use: hot-melt
Characteristic notes: cold resistance, copolymer, good toughness, good flexibility, elasticity. FDA first level certification in the United States
Important beters: melt flow rate: 25 g/10min density: 0.921 g/cm3 tensile strength: 11 MPa breaking elongation: 900% hardness: 75 VEKA softening point: 42 C
Manufacturer: Dow DuPont Co
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /260/ DuPont dow
Use: hot-melt
Characteristic notes: cold resistance, copolymer, good toughness, good flexibility, elasticity. FDA first level certification in the United States
Important beters: melt flow rate: 6 g/10min density: 0.955 g/cm3 tensile strength: 24 MPa breaking elongation: 900% hardness: 80 VEKA softening point: 46 C
Manufacturer: Dow DuPont Co
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /265/ DuPont dow
Use: other
Characteristic notes: cold resistance, copolymer, good toughness, good flexibility, elasticity. FDA first level certification in the United States
Important beters: melt flow rate: 3 g/10min density: 0.951 g/cm3 tensile strength: 29 MPa breaking elongation: 900% hardness: 83 VEKA softening point: 49 C
Manufacturer: Dow DuPont Co
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /PA-500/ Repsol of Spain
Use: Film
Characteristic notes: easy to process, excellent mechanical and optical properties
Important beters: melt flow rate: 0.4 g/10min density: 0.924 g/cm3 tensile strength: 21 MPa breaking elongation: 600% VEKA softening point: 90 C
Manufacturer: YPF of Spain
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /EB561/ West Lake
Use: other
Feature remark: good sealing, good impact strength, good optics and stability
Important beters: melt flow rate: 0.55 g/10min density: 0.929 g/cm3 tensile strength: 25 MPa breaking elongation: 550%
Manufacturer: West Lake Chemical Co., Ltd.
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /FD53/ Italy
Use: Film
Characteristic notes: good sealing perbance, high elasticity, toughness and best processing perbance
Important beters: melt flow rate: 0.4 g/10min tensile strength: 30 MPa fracture elongation: 700% hardness: 39 VEKA softening point: 67 C embrittlement temperature: -80 C
Manufacturer: Italy Eni
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /G MU76000/ Leander Basil
Use: other
Important beters: melt flow rate: 32 g/10min density: 0.941 g/cm3, tensile strength: 9.4 MPa, elongation at break: 760% hardness: 30 VEKA softening point: 54 C embrittlement temperature: -76 C.
Manufacturer: Liane Basel Industrial Corporation
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /4355/ DuPont dow
Use: other
Characteristic notes: 1 wt% methacrylic acid heat stabilizer: BHT antioxidant high molecular weight, high thermal viscosity system
Important beters: melt flow rate: 6 g/10min density: 0.952 g/cm3 filler content: 25%
Manufacturer: Dow DuPont Co
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /BM05-6/ Ishida
Use: other
Characteristic notes: good physical strength, resistance to stress cracking and high crumple
Important beters: melt flow rate: 0.5 g/10min density: 0.927 g/cm3, tensile strength: 23 MPa, elongation at break: 700% hardness: 47 VEKA softening point: 88 C embrittlement temperature: -70 C.
Manufacturer: Zhao he electrician Co., Ltd.
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /EM21-1/ Ishida
Use: other
Characteristic notes: kneading, transparency, high surface gloss and high degree of shape
Important beters: melt flow rate: 12 g/10min density: 0.932 g/cm3, tensile strength: 15 MPa, elongation at break: 750% hardness: 34 VEKA softening point: 64 temperature embrittlement temperature: -70 C, filler content: 15%
Manufacturer: Zhao he electrician Co., Ltd.
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /FM22-1/ Ishida
Use: other
Characteristic notes: high molding, crumple and high resistance to stress cracking
Important beters: melt flow rate: 20 g/10min density: 0.938 g/cm3, tensile strength: 15 MPa, elongation at break: 800% hardness: 30 VEKA softening point: 56 temperature embrittlement temperature: -70 C, filler content: 20%
Manufacturer: Zhao he electrician Co., Ltd.
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer #) /MV1055/ Thailand TPI
Use: other
Characteristic notes: excellent elasticity, medium flow, good low temperature resistance
Important beters: melt flow rate: 8 g/10min density: 0.953 g/cm3 stretching
