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设备介绍<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p> 水体中均含有一定量的胶体粒子，它们在静电斥力和布朗热运动的作用下能够克服重力影响，保持动态平衡，不会凝聚沉淀，进而影响浊度指标<\/span>。<\/span>混凝剂投加到水中后水解成带电胶体，与其周围的离子组成双电层结构的胶团，水中的杂质颗粒在混凝剂的作用下首先失去稳定性，然后相互凝集成尺寸较大的颗粒，加快沉淀澄清作用，便于后续过滤设备的滤除，提高产水的洁净度。<\/span><\/span><\/p> 混凝剂加药装置一般由计量泵、溶液箱及搅拌机（选配）组成。<\/span>混凝剂的品种、加药量根据药品来源、水质（<\/span>PH<\/span>、碱度、浊度、有机物含量等）、处理后水质及运行要求（水温、澄清池等），经试验确定。<\/span>调整计量泵上的冲程及加药频率，从溶液箱中抽取混凝剂通过计量泵进行计量投加。<\/span><\/span><\/p> 常用混凝剂药剂如下，供用户选择：<\/span><\/span><\/p> 常用的无机盐类混凝剂<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p> 名称<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/td> 分<\/span><\/strong>子<\/span><\/strong>式<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/td> 一<\/span><\/strong>般<\/span><\/strong>介<\/span><\/strong>绍<\/span><\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/thead> 精制硫酸铝<\/span><\/p><\/td> Al<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>(SO<\/span>4<\/span><\/sub>)<\/span>3<\/span><\/sub>·18H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td> （<\/span>1<\/span>）含无水硫酸铝<\/span>50%~52%<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>2<\/span>）适用于水温为<\/span>20~40<\/span>℃<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>3<\/span>）当<\/span>pH=4~7<\/span>时，主要去除水中有机物<\/span><\/p> pH=5.7~7.8<\/span>时，主要去除水中悬浮物<\/span><\/p> pH=6.4~7.8<\/span>时，处理浊度高、色度低（<\/span><30<\/span>度）的水<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>4<\/span>）湿式投加时一般先溶解成<\/span>10%~20%<\/span>的溶液<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr> 工业硫酸铝<\/span><\/p><\/td> Al<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>(SO<\/span>4<\/span><\/sub>)<\/span>3<\/span><\/sub>·18H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td> （<\/span>1<\/span>）制造工艺较简单<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>2<\/span>）无水硫酸铝含量各地产品不同，设计时一般可采用<\/span>20%~25%<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>3<\/span>）价格比精制硫酸铝便宜<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>4<\/span>）用于废水处理时，投加量一般为<\/span>50~200mg/L<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>5<\/span>）其他同精制硫酸铝<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr> 明矾<\/span><\/p><\/td> Al<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>(SO<\/span>4<\/span><\/sub>)<\/span>3<\/span><\/sub>·K<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>SO<\/span>4<\/span><\/sub>·24H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td> （<\/span>1<\/span>）同精制硫酸铝（<\/span>2<\/span>）、（<\/span>3<\/span>）<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>2<\/span>）现已大部分被硫酸铝所代替<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr> 硫酸亚铁<\/span><\/p> （绿矾）<\/span><\/p><\/td> FeSO<\/span>4<\/span><\/sub>·7H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td> （<\/span>1<\/span>）腐蚀性较高<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>2<\/span>）矾花形成较快，较稳定，沉淀时间短<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>3<\/span>）适用于碱度高，浊度高，<\/span>pH=8.1~9.6<\/span>的水，不论在冬季或夏季使用都很稳定，混凝作用良好，当<\/span>pH<\/span>值较低时（<\/span><8.0<\/span>），常使用氯来氧化，使二价铁氧化成三价铁，也可以用同时投加石灰的方法解决<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr> 三氯化铁<\/span><\/p><\/td> FeCl<\/span>3<\/span><\/sub>·6H<\/span>2<\/span><\/sub>O<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/td> （<\/span>1<\/span>）对金属（尤其对铁器）腐蚀性大，对混凝土亦腐蚀，对塑料管也会因发热而引起变形<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>2<\/span>）不受温度影响，矾花结得大，沉淀速度快，效果较好<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>3<\/span>）易溶解，易混合，渣滓少<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>4<\/span>）适用**<\/span>pH<\/span>值为<\/span>6.0~8.4<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr> 聚合氯化铝<\/span><\/p><\/td> [Al<\/span>n<\/span><\/sub>(OH)<\/span>m<\/span><\/sub>Cl<\/span>3n-m<\/span><\/sub>]<\/span><\/span><\/p> （通式）<\/span><\/p> 简写<\/span>PAC<\/span><\/p><\/td> （<\/span>1<\/span>）净化效率高，耗药量少，过滤性能好，对各种工业废水适应性较广<\/span><\/p> （<\/span>2<\/span>）温度适应性高，<\/span>pH<\/span>适用范围宽（可在<\/span>pH=5~9<\/span>的范围内），因而可不投加碱剂<\/span><\/p>